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In this paper we define a new invariant of the incomplete hyperbolic structures on a
1–cusped finite volume hyperbolic 3–manifold M, called the ortholength invariant.
We show that away from a (possibly empty) subvariety of excluded values this
invariant both locally parameterises equivalence classes of hyperbolic structures and
is a complete invariant of the Dehn fillings of M which admit a hyperbolic structure.
We also give an explicit formula for the ortholength invariant in terms of the traces of
the holonomies of certain loops in M. Conjecturally this new invariant is
intimately related to the boundary of the hyperbolic Dehn surgery space of
M.
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